Health risk assessment of heavy metals in precipitated dust in goldsmith workshops and simulation using Monte Carlo method

Due to the heavy metal hazard, the present study measured the content of heavy metals in dust from 11 goldsmith workshops in Yazd, Iran in 2022 and simulated health risks using Monte Carlo method. The findings showed that heavy metals followed the order of Fe>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr>Co>Cd>Sr>Zr>Ti>Pt in concentration. The hazard index averaged 1.03×10 -2 , considered within the safe range, while the average value of carcinogenic risk was also 1.04×10 -5 , an acceptable carcinogenic risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that the exposure time ratio had the greatest effect on both risks, and it is necessary to change the working length of activity for employees before retirement.