Liver cirrhosis is a risk-factor for Pneumocystis jirovecii associated mortality

To our knowledge, this study represents the largest evaluation of Pneumocystis jirovecci infection in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis associated immune dysfunction (CAID) describes the spectrum of immunological disturbances in patients with cirrhosis, which is linked to a heightened vulnerability to bacterial infections. Our data indicate a heightened susceptibility to fungal infections. Understanding the phenotypic manifestations of CAID could lead to immune-targeted therapies aimed at reducing infection susceptibility and decreasing CAID-associated mortality in cirrhosis patients.