Exploring the Clinical Disconnect in Integrated Treatment Pathways for Craniofacial Structural and Functional Anomalies: Collaboration Challenges between Orthopaedic Surgeons, Paediatricians and General Practitioners Referring to Orthodontists

Introduction: Orthodontic problems extend beyond mere tooth ailments, affecting overall bodily health. Neglecting them can result in severe illnesses, reducing quality of life and lifespan. Physicians must educate patients about the link between orthodontic health and general well-being, stressing the importance of treating dental issues to restore both oral health and smiles. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional investigation included orthopaedic surgeons, paediatricians and general practitioners working in the government and private sectors. Knowledge, attitude and practice surveys were used for the study. Our analysis included 25 clinicians ( n = 75) from each speciality. Results: Among the 25 paediatricians surveyed, only 52% (13) are referring patients to orthodontists, as indicated in the study. Of the 25 general physicians included in the survey, merely 12% (03) are sending patients to orthodontists, with the remaining 88% not making any referrals. Similarly, among the 25 orthopaedic surgeons surveyed, 52% (13) refer patients to orthodontists, while the rest do not refer to orthodontic specialists. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in bridging the clinical gap among paediatricians, general physicians, orthopaedic surgeons and orthodontists. Integrated care models, through specialised clinics, provide comprehensive evaluations and patient treatment plans. Care coordination mechanisms such as joint consultations and shared decision-making platforms facilitate seamless communication among healthcare providers and empower patients in their care. Continuing education and technological advancements enhance collaboration, fostering teamwork and improving patient outcomes.