The In-Depth Analysis of Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography (TEE), Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography (TTE) and Multidetector Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography

Imaging is essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and intervention of infective endocarditis (IE) nowadays.Echocardiography, with its most standard form being trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE), is essential for diagnosing native valve endocarditis (NVE).It can also be used for numerous other heart related pathologies as it gives us a clear view of the cardiac anatomy; however its accuracy is somewhat lower for prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE).Even though transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is less reliable than TEE, PVE cannot be ruled out by a negative TEE test.In about thirty percent of instances, both TTE and TEE imaging techniques may yield normal or unreliable results, particularly in patients who use prosthetic devices.Recent advancements in nuclear medicine imaging have demonstrated better-quality investigative performance to TEE for PVE and infective endocarditis related to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED-IE).Cardiac computed tomography angiography is advantageous when TTE and TEE findings are uncertain, particularly for evaluating para-valvular complications in PVE.This article explores the strengths and restrictions of multiple different imaging techniques in diagnosing NVE, PVE, and CIED-IE, as well as the use of multimodality imaging and methods for assessing local and distant IE complications.It also proposes a possible diagnostic approach for a variety of clinical scenarios.