Exploring the connectedness between non-fungible token, decentralized finance and housing market: Deep insights from extreme events

The current digital innovation, health crisis, together with catastrophic economic and financial events have disturbed both digital and conventional asset markets that caused drastic change in investment avenues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the connectedness between Non-Fungible Token (NFTs), Decentralized Finance (DeFi) assets, and housing market by applying Quantile connectedness of Ando et al. [27]with extreme tail of distribution technique. The period of this study is extended from 5^th March 2018 to 8^th January 2024 which covered recent catastrophic events such as Bitcoin Price Crash-2018, COVID-19, Global plummet in Oil Demand-2020, and Russia-Ukraine War. The findings reveal that NFTs and DeFi assets possess weak connectedness with housing market in normal market state, however, connectedness become robust in extreme bearish and bullish market states. Moreover, NFTs and DeFi assets are net transmitters and housing market acts as net receiver of shock in all market states. Investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers should carefully analyze both digital financial assets and housing market especially during extreme events to build well diversified profit-gaining portfolios and to formulate policies.