Optimization and modeling of the insulating and mechanical properties of fired ceramics for sustainable construction

The increasing demand for insulating bricks, driven by climate change and the rising costs of construction, has led to the exploration of alternative building materials. Clay, which is readily available in our environments, emerged as a viable option. When fired, it achieves sufficient stability to provide effective insulation. While numerous studies have experimented with various types of fired bricks, little attention has been given to modeling their results. This study evaluates the experimental outcomes obtained from the use of locally sourced bulk clay for building construction. Wood sawdust (WSD) was added as a pore former in proportions of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%, and firing was performed at 1200 °C and 1400 °C. The influence of these input variations on the properties of the clay bricks was assessed and analyzed using the response surface method. The results revealed that the input variables (WSD and firing temperature) significantly influenced the responses with p-values below 5 %. However, interactions between the input factors had a marginal effect on the outcomes. Optimal performance was achieved with 1.6 wt% WSD and a firing temperature of 1200 °C, demonstrating that the developed fired bricks are suitable for insulation in building construction under these optimal conditions.