Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Mediated Nephroprotection of Melatonin and Rosuvastatin in Carboplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Experimental Study

Background: Platinum compounds like cisplatin, carboplatin used as anticancer drugs are known to cause nephrotoxicity. There is a need of drugs to prevent the drug induced nephrotoxicity. This experimental study was done to assess the nephroprotective role of rosuvastatin in carboplatin induced nephrotoxicity models and to compare it with melatonin. Methodology: A total of 36 albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6). Group I was control group. In Groups II to VI nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of Carboplatin 128mg/kg on day 5. In Group II, no drug was administered. In group III and IV melatonin 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg was administered orally once a day for 10 days. In group V and VI, rosuvastatin 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg was administered orally once a day for 10 days. Blood was collected on day 0 for the baseline values and at an interval of 7 and 11 days for biochemical and antioxidant estimation. Kidneys were dissected at the end of study, weighed and renal tissue was subjected to histopathological analysis. Results: There was a significant decrease in urea, creatinine and uric acid in all the treatment groups. Also a significant decrease (p<0.05) was seen in MDA levels in treatment groups as compared to the negative control. A non-significant decrease was observed in IL-18 levels in the treatment groups. Also, histopathology of kidney tissues showed that in treatment groups, there were less changes in interstitium and vessels. Conclusion: Melatonin and rosuvastatin has shown a nephroprotective effect in carboplatin induced nephrotoxicity in terms of improved renal function tests, reduced IL-18 showing anti-inflammatory action, antioxidant action by decreasing MDA and increasing GSH and by histopathological studies of kidney tissue