Determining factors for the selection of soybean cultivars and the cause and effect relationships with grain yield

The objective of the present study was to apply the trail analysis model to extract the cause and effect action on soybean grain yield as a function of agronomic attributes. The present study was developed in the agricultural years of 2023 and 2024. The experimental design used was strips with randomized blocks, consisting of 10 cultivars and five replications. Through the means comparison test, the highest grain yields were observed in the cultivars C 2531 E, BMX Vênus CE, B 5595 CE and NEO581 CE. It was observed that in addition to the higher grain yield, the cultivar C 2531 CE also presented a higher grain weight per plant, despite having the lowest final plant height and productive zone height among the cultivars. As for BMX Vênus CE, it was observed that despite its medium height, it presented a shorter internode length on the main stem, which optimized the number of total nodes on the main stem, in addition to presenting a high grain weight per plant. Cultivar B 5595 CE can be highlighted for its greater final plant height, as well as greater height of the productive zone, promoting a greater number of total nodes on the main stem. Another highlight of this cultivar is the high number of plants per final linear meter, indicating its adaptability in the field. The cultivar NEO581 E, despite having one of the smallest heights among the cultivars, presented one of the highest grain yields, which can be attributed to the stability of the cultivar in the field, as it showed intermediate performance for all agronomic traits.