Mechanical and tribological properties of FeS/Cu–Bi self-lubricating materials reinforced with copper-plated steel fibers

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of steel fibers on the mechanical and tribological properties of FeS/Cu–Bi self-lubricating materials. Design/methodology/approach The microstructure of the material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Tests on the crushing strength, impact toughness and tribological properties of materials were conducted using a universal electronic testing machine, a 300 J pendulum impact testing machine and an M200 ring-block sliding tribometer, respectively. Findings The mechanical properties of the material initially increased and then stabilized with increased copper-plated steel-fiber length. When the length of the copper-plated steel fiber was 7 mm, the mechanical properties of the material reached stability. Compared with the material without a copper-plated steel fiber, its crushing strength and impact toughness increased by 32.6% and 53%, respectively. A copper-plated steel fiber with a length of 7 mm lay flat in a copper matrix can strengthen the friction interface and enrich the lubricant. Accordingly, the antifriction and wear resistance of the materials increased by 17.6% and 55%, respectively. Originality/value The effects of copper-plated steel fibers on the properties of FeS/Cu–Bi self-lubricating materials were clarified. This work can serve as a reference for improving material performance and its engineering applications.