EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ETHNICITY ON THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF AFGHANISTAN OVER THE PAST TWO DECADES (2001– 2021)

Examining the influence of ethnicity on the political structure of Afghanistan over the past two decades provides insight into the political and social realities of the country. Afghanistan is recognized as a multi-ethnic nation where different ethnic groups coexist. Political structures in Afghanistan have always been influenced by ethnicity throughout its historical evolution. The main objective is to address the question of how the multi-ethnic society in Afghanistan has affected the political structure in the past two decades. This article employs the framework of competition among elites (Elite Theory) and utilizes analytical- descriptive methods along with library resources, scientific journals, and reputable articles. Findings indicate that the multi-ethnic society in recent decades (2001-2021) has harmed the realization of a political structure based on democratic values, and the foundation of the political structure has failed to manifest tangible and deep expressions due to ethnic attitudes.