The establishment of evacuation zones during the period of Japanese colonial rule and their subsequent utilization following liberation: focusing on Seoul and Tokyo

This study explores the historical context and evolution of evacuation area policies in Tokyo and Seoul, established during the Japanese colonial era, and examines their post-liberation utilization. While both cities aimed to protect against bombing by establishing evacuation areas, they differed significantly in establishment, layout, and location due to varying urban structures. Tokyo’s air defense zones encircled the outskirts, with evacuation zones situated along main roads, while Gyeongseong focused on core zones. Post-liberation, Japan swiftly converted evacuation areas into roads and green spaces, whereas Seoul’s plans were hindered by the Korean War. Discussions about converting evacuation area began in 1959 and eventually focused on roads rather than parks.