Synthesis of <i>para</i> ‐Carboxamidostilbene Derivatives as Antihyperglycemia Agents and Their In Silico ADMET and Molecular Docking Studies

Abstract In this project, para ‐carboxamidostilbene derivatives were synthesized using the Heck coupling reaction, confirmed through various analytical techniques such as FT‐IR, HRMS, and NMR analyses, and tested in vitro to evaluate their α‐amylase inhibitory activity. In silico molecular docking was employed to model the binding interactions of compounds with α‐amylase. Pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) and drug‐likeness were also examined. Structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between the chemical structure and α‐amylase inhibitory activity. The synthesized compounds exhibited significant α‐amylase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values ranging from 15.0 to 37.5 µM in comparison with acarbose (IC 50 = 30.2 ± 1.9 µM). Among them, compounds 6d – 6f and 7c – 7f demonstrated promising inhibitory activity. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed strong interactions between the studied molecules and the α‐amylase binding pocket. The drug‐likeness prediction results indicated that all synthesized compounds adhered to Lipinski's rule of five, suggesting their suitability as drug‐like molecules. Additionally, the assessment of ADMET properties indicated favorable absorption profiles, particularly in terms of human intestinal absorption (HIA). Overall, this study successfully identified several para‐carboxamidostilbene derivatives as potential α‐amylase inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM.