Optimization for the inlet channel and basin of a gravitational vortex turbine through the maximization of circulation

To optimize the energy generation of a gravitational vortex turbine, geometric modifications are proposed for its inlet channel and basin. These modifications include implementing a contraction in the channel, a technique commonly used in wind tunnels to accelerate the fluid and consequently improve vorticity in the basin. Three parameters were considered for optimization: the ratio between the diameter of the basin (D) and the length of the contraction (Lc), expressed as Lc/D; the size of the outlet edge (w2) relative to D, expressed as w2/D; and the height of the basin (H) relative to D, expressed as H/D. These parameters were systematically evaluated through numerical simulations to assess vortex circulation (Γ), established as the target variable. The behavior of the flow within the basin was simulated, which made it possible to identify the vorticity that was sought to be validated, obtaining positive results in what leads to the generation of the vortex thanks to the geometric changes made.