The effect of artificial metakaolin coarse aggregate on the mechanical and durability properties of lightweight geopolymer concrete

<p class="Paragraph"><span lang="PT-BR">This study presents a unique methodology for investigating the properties of Metakaolin Coarse Aggregates (MCA). The NaOH ratios were varied as 8M, 10M, 12M, and 14M, while the NaOH to Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> ratio was maintained at 0.5 entire study. The </span><span lang="EN-US">liquid-to-binder (</span><span lang="PT-BR">L/B) ratios set at 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4. Testing was conducted on the MCA to determine its physical and mechanical properties, comparing them with those of Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA). </span><span lang="EN-US">Notably, the 8M mix with a 0.4 L/B ratio was found to be economical for producing MCA and was selected for further research. </span><span lang="PT-BR">This chosen mix was then employed to prepare geopolymer concrete with 50% MK and 50% PA, with L/B ratios set at 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5. The NaOH ratio and Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> to NaOH ratio were maintained at a constant 8M and 2, respectively. Mechanical and durability properties were compared between Geopolymer concrete with NCA and Geopolymer concrete with MCA. The test results demonstrate that MCA in geopolymer concrete can effectively replace NCA in geopolymer concrete, making it a viable option for structural members. </span><span lang="EN-US">Additionally, microstructural characterization was performed on </span><span lang="PT-BR">Geopolymer concrete with MCA</span><span lang="EN-US"> mixes with varying L/B ratios of 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5, at 28 days. </span><span lang="PT-BR">The study specifically focuses on the </span><span lang="EN-US">Interfacial Transition Zone</span><span lang="PT-BR"> (ITZ) between MCA and geopolymer paste, revealing an improvement in ITZ and </span><span lang="EN-US">microstructure in the GMCA sample with a 0.4 L/B ratio compared to other mixes.</span></p>