Sustainability and Innovation in Green Energy: Biomass As A Renewable Energy Alternative

Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the role of biomass as a renewable energy alternative. Methodology: To do so, an integrative literature review was carried out by surveying articles in the SciELO, Web Of Science and Google Academic databases. During the search, specific keywords and AND and OR search descriptors were used. As an inclusion criterion, only Brazilian scientific articles were selected, in Portuguese, available in full, free of charge and published between the years 2020 and 2023. Results and analysis of the data: As a result, it was found that the energy use of solid urban waste (MSW) in Brazil offers environmental, health and social benefits, in spite of not having sufficient potential to sustain the expansion of the country's electricity supply in the long term. Relevant public policies, such as the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS) and the Alternative Energy Incentive Program (PROINFA), are crucial, but the lack of clarity in the joint implementation makes it difficult to replicate initiatives. The management of MSW is the responsibility of municipalities, while energy planning is the responsibility of the Union, and the absence of clear guidelines and specific funding contributes to limited results. Projects such as those of ASJA and FURNAS show progress, but the greater dissemination of these projects requires integrated public policies and a normative framework that aligns the efforts of various actors to maximize the efficiency and benefits of using MSW in power generation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the energy use of solid urban waste (MSW) in Brazil offers environmental and social benefits, but is not sufficient to expand the supply of electricity in the long term. Existing public policies are important, but their effectiveness is limited by the lack of clarity in implementation and by the division of responsibilities between municipalities and the Union. Projects such as those of ASJA and FURNAS show progress, but greater dissemination and effectiveness require integrated public policies and a normative framework that aligns the efforts of the various players to optimize the use of MSW in power generation.