An augmented lead-free Perovskite solar cell based on FASnI ₃ using V ₂ O ₅ as HTL

Abstract The study involved the design and analysis of FASnI 3 -based perovskite solar cells to determine their power conversion efficiency (PCE) under varying AB-layer thicknesses and temperatures. Despite recent advancements, organic and inorganic lead-based perovskite solar cells have faced challenges due to health hazards and device instability, hindering commercial manufacturing progress. To address this, we explored alternative charge transport materials, such as FASnI 3 cells, through numerical simulation using the 1D-SCAPS software. Our investigation focused on optimizing charge transport layers and adjusting acceptor and donor concentrations to achieve high-efficiency, lead-free PSCs. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance and impact of different parameters on simulated cell devices. Through multiple simulation iterations, we achieved the best performance of the FASnI3 PS-cell, delivering a voltage of 1.04 V, current density of 29.40 mA cm −2 , and Fill factor of 85.24%, resulting in an overall PCE of 24.45%.