Utilization of Remote Patient Monitoring for Neurological Disorders: A Nationwide Analysis of Administrative Claims Data

<b>Introduction</b>: The use of remote patient monitoring (RPM) services for neurological disorders remains understudied, particularly in the context of newer billing codes introduced before the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from commercial and Medicare employer-sponsored administrative claims between January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. The study population included all patients with at least one qualifying RPM-related Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for a neurological disorder, separated into first-generation (CPT 99091) codes and second-generation (CPT 99453, 99454, 99457, 99458) code cohorts. We compared patient and encounter characteristics between both cohorts. <b>Results</b>: We identified 27,756 encounters attributable to 11,326 patients who received RPM services for neurological disorders, of whom 5,785 (51.1%) received RPM via second-generation billing codes, 3,941 (34.8%) were female, 6,712 (59.3%) were between 45 and 64 years old, and 10,488 (92.6%) had a primary diagnosis of sleep-wake disorder. The second-generation cohort was significantly more likely to be female (41.5% vs. 27.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), be of age 65 or older (15.7% vs. 7.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and reside in urban areas (93.4% vs. 87.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than the first-generation cohort. Patients in the second-generation cohort were more likely to receive RPM in office settings (86.3% vs. 62.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), by physicians (77.0% vs. 40.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and less likely for sleep-wake disorders (87.9% vs. 97.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than the first-generation cohort. Patients who received RPM from physicians were most often evaluated by pulmonologists (31.4%). <b>Discussion</b>: In this commercially insured patient population receiving RPM for neurological disorders, we found that sleep-wake disorders and non-neurologists were over-represented.