Changes of Unit Cell Parameters in Lactose Saturated by Substances Technologically Processed by Dilution

Background: Our research investigates how the structure of a lactose matrix can be altered by the specific drugs used to saturate it. In particular, we examine whether ultra-high dilutions of substances, such as antibodies, can change the crystal structure of lactose. Methods: We employed methods including X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, and granulometric content analysis. Results: Our findings suggest that once saturated with highly diluted substances, lactose does indeed gain and retain changes in its crystalline structures [particularly cell parameters a, b, c, β]. These changes are most pronounced between intact and saturated lactose samples, and there are also differences observed when using different solutions for saturation. Conclusion: The results support the idea that ultra-high dilutions can irreversibly change the structure of lactose, potentially due to differences in solution wetting and subsequent recrystallization of the lactose matrix.