Two new species of Pholiota (Agaricales, Strophariaceae) from the southwest of China

Two new mushroom species from Southwest China, <i>Pholiotacylindrospora</i> and <i>P.subterrestris</i>, are described in this study. <i>Pholiotacylindrospora</i> is characterized by its dry pileus with slightly recurved and triangular scales, cylindrical basidiospores, and two types of pleurocystidia-leptocystidia and chrysocystidia-as well as its growth on soil. <i>Pholiotasubterrestris</i> is identified by a brownish-orange pileus with numerous brown fibrillose scales; pale brown lamellae with even edges; a stipe covered with recurved fibrillose scales; elliptical spores with a distinct but small germ pore; and pleurocystidia containing typical amorphous refractive inclusions of chrysocystidia. Both species are described and illustrated, and a phylogenetic analysis of a multigene dataset (ITS + 28S) is presented. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses confirm that <i>P.cylindrospora</i> and <i>P.subterrestris</i> are distinct from the other Pholiota species, and both belong to the subgenus Pholiota. A key to the species of subgenus Pholiota from China is provided.