Optimisation of synchronisation control parameters for enhanced bilateral teleoperation system

Abstract Bilateral teleoperation systems encounter challenges in achieving synchronisation between master and slave robots due to communication time delays. This paper addresses the instability caused by these delays and proposes a solution through advanced control algorithms. Nonlinear optimisation algorithms might only sometimes deliver solutions in the allotted time, particularly when handling complicated, high-dimensional issues or when optimisation iterations are extensive. The study first develops a comprehensive mathematical model encompassing the dynamics and communication intricacies of both master and slave sides in teleoperation. By recognising the limitations of existing proportional-derivative controllers in compensating for communication errors, a sequential quadratic programming-proportional-integral-derivative (SQP-PID) controller is introduced. This controller accumulates and rectifies synchronisation delay errors, ensuring precise control without steady-state deviations. The proposed SQP-PID controller stands out for its ability to handle steady-state errors effectively, offering swift response and maintaining stability. Leveraging the SQP optimisation algorithm, it intelligently tunes the parameters, minimising synchronisation errors. The approach capitalises on the simplicity, performance, and robustness of the SQP-PID controller, providing a promising avenue for enhancing bilateral teleoperation systems’ accuracy and stability, maintaining initial discrepancy with a best fitness value of 0.98 % in varied operating conditions.