Thermomechanical behavior of alumina–magnesia castables and numerical modeling of the steel ladle thermal process

Abstract By experimental characterization and numerical modeling, the dependence of thermophysical properties on time and temperature as well as its influence on the thermomechanical behavior of alumina–magnesia castables has been studied in this work. The thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, and Young's modulus are the most important parameters, which evolve with temperature and piecewise change with the thermal processes of drying, preheating, and service. It is mainly related to the sintering degree and amount of formed calcium aluminate and spinel phases. The sensitivity analysis of parallel simulations for multilayer steel ladle with different numbers of temperature‐dependent thermophysical parameters demonstrates that the thermal conductivity is the most influential parameter, as it dominates the temperature distribution and affects the succeeding thermal expansion as well as deformation. The increase of thermal expansion coefficient and decrease of Young's modulus with temperature counterbalance the deformation of linings under thermal process. Meanwhile, compared with the simulation using temperature‐independent parameters, the model with temperature‐dependent thermophysical parameters exhibits more severe damage in outer surface of both the working lining and the permanent lining. This gives new insight into the adoption of temperature‐dependent parameters for actual thermomechanical behavior evaluation of refractories.