Automatic Inbetweening for Stroke‐Based Painterly Animation

Abstract Painterly 2D animation, like the paint‐on‐glass technique, is a tedious task performed by skilled artists, primarily using traditional manual methods. Although CG tools can simplify the creation process, previous works often focus on temporal coherence, which typically results in the loss of the handmade look and feel. In contrast to cartoon animation, where regions are typically filled with smooth gradients, stroke‐based stylized 2D animation requires careful consideration of how shapes are filled, as each stroke may be perceived individually. We propose a method to generate intermediate frames using example keyframes and a motion description. This method allows artists to create only one image for every five to 10 output images in the animation, while the automatically generated intermediate frames provide plausible inbetween frames.