Targeting CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK Cells and NK Cell Activity by Intralipid in the Management of Reproductive Failure

Immunological risk factors in recurrent pregnancy loss include autoantibodies, alterations in NK cell number and function, regulatory T cells, the human leukocyte antigen system (HLA), etc., where the treatment options aim to regulate immune dysfunction. Intralipid is a synthetic product traditionally used as a dietary supplement consisting of soybean oil combined with refined egg phospholipids. It has been shown that intralipid exerts physiologic activities, including altering immunological functions, that may benefit patients with certain types of infertility. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of targeting NK cells and NK cell activity in women with implantation failure or/and recurrent pregnancy loss. We focus on intralipid mechanisms of action and outcomes of clinical trials regarding the efficacy and safety of intralipid infusions in women with reproductive failure. More studies are needed to reveal all the aspects of the safety and effectiveness of intralipid administration in reproductive failure treatment.