Comparative Analysis of 5G Standalone and Non-Standalone Implementations Using Atoll Radio Planning

Wireless networks are facing rapid evolution, playing increasingly significant roles in global societies and industries. With the emergence of the fifth generation of mobile networks, commonly referred to as 5 G, the connectivity landscape is going through some transformations. This technological advancement aims to promote industrial growth and facilitate innovative applications, with two main architectures emerging: 5 G Standalone (SA) and 5 G Non-Standalone (NSA). NSA builds upon the existing infrastructure of 4 G LTE, while 5 G Standalone represents an autonomous network dedicated to fully realizing the potential of 5G technology.