A Numerical Variability Approach to Results Stability Tests and Its Application to Neuroimaging

Ensuring the long-term reproducibility of data analyses requires results stability tests to verify that analysis results remain within acceptable variation bounds despite inevitable software updates and hardware evolutions. This paper introduces a numerical variability approach for results stability tests, which determines acceptable variation bounds using random rounding of floating-point calculations. By applying the resulting stability test to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fMRIPrep</i>, a widely-used neuroimaging tool, we show that the test is sensitive enough to detect subtle updates in image processing methods while remaining specific enough to accept numerical variations within a reference version of the application. This result contributes to enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of data analyses by providing a robust and flexible method for stability testing.