Mm-wave wireless sensor networks with zero energy consumption through backscattering metasurfaces

The future of 6 G communications emphasizes a deep understanding of human environments for improved quality of life and work efficiency. IoT sensors will play a crucial role, gathering extensive data about living environments for tasks like environmental monitoring and structural oversight [1]. The success of these systems hinges on cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and minimal maintenance requirements. Traditional IoT sensors, despite advancements, still face challenges such as power consumption and limited lifespans, particularly in indoor settings where energy harvesting is difficult. RFID sensors offer potential with their ability to transmit data without additional power, but their cost and reliability in harsh environments pose barriers to widespread adoption [2].