Innovative Microencapsulation of Polymyxin B for Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy via Coated Spray Drying

This study aims to develop an innovative microencapsulation method for coated Polymyxin B, utilizing various polysaccharides such as hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, alginate, and chitosan, implemented through a three-fluid nozzle (3FN) spray drying process. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that formulations with a high ratio of sugar cage, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and sodium alginate (coded as ALG_HCD_HP_L^PM) resulted in a notable 16-fold increase in Polymyxin B recovery compared to chitosan microparticles. Morphological assessments using fluorescence labeling confirmed successful microparticle formation with core/shell structures. Alginate-based formulations exhibited distinct layers, while chitosan formulations showed uniform fluorescence throughout the microparticles. Focused beam reflectance and histograms from fluorescence microscopic measurements provided insights into physical size analysis, indicating consistent sizes of 6.8 ± 1.2 μm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra unveiled hydrogen bonding between Polymyxin B and other components within the microparticle structures. The drug release study showed sodium alginate's sustained release capability, reaching 26 ± 3% compared to 94 ± 3% from the free solution at the 24 h time point. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of the prepared microparticles against two Gram-negative bacteria, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, were investigated. The influence of various key excipients on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values was evaluated. Results demonstrated effective bactericidal effects of ALG_HCD_HP_L^PM against both <i>E. coli</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Additionally, the antibiofilm assay highlighted the potential efficacy of ALG_HCD_HP_L^PM against the biofilm viability of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, with concentrations ranging from 3.9 to 500 μg/m. This signifies a significant advancement in antimicrobial drug delivery systems, promising improved precision and efficacy in combating bacterial infections.