Double-mixing CP violation in B decays

Abstract We study a long-overlooked CP violation observable, termed double-mixing CP violation, which arises from the interference between two neutral meson oscillating paths involved in a decay chain. The double-mixing CP violation is beneficial for the precise test of the Standard Model CKM mechanism, as it offers the potential to extract weak phases without pollution from strong dynamics. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the double-mixing CP violation, we perform phenomenological analyses on the cascade decays of the $$B^0_d$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and $$B^0_s$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> mesons. Our results show that the double-mixing CP violation can be very significant in certain decay channels, such as $$B^0_d \rightarrow J/\psi K \rightarrow J/\psi (\pi ^+\ell ^-{\bar{\nu }}_\ell )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where the total CP violation arises almost entirely from the double-mixing CP violation. In addition, we employ the decay process $$B^0_d \rightarrow D^0 K \rightarrow (K^-\pi ^+)(\pi \ell \nu )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to demonstrate that the involved strong and weak phases can be directly determined from the experimental data without any theoretical inputs. Specifically, the overall weak phase of this process is $$2\beta +\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which is of significant importance for extracting the CKM phase angles. We also use $$B^0_s \rightarrow \rho ^0 K \rightarrow \rho ^0(\pi ^-\ell ^+\nu _\ell )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to illustrate and discuss the significant importance of $$K^0_S - K^0_L$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> interference.

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Publication Details

Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2024-10-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13350-z
Citations
4
Primary Topic
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.64

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article

Double-mixing CP violation in B decays

Yin-Fa Shen, Qin Qin, Wen-Jie Song
4 citations
The European Physical Journal C
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
2.64
article

Double-mixing CP violation in B decays

Yin-Fa Shen, Qin Qin, Wen-Jie Song
article en
4 citations

Abstract

Abstract We study a long-overlooked CP violation observable, termed double-mixing CP violation, which arises from the interference between two neutral meson oscillating paths involved in a decay chain. The double-mixing CP violation is beneficial for the precise test of the Standard Model CKM mechanism, as it offers the potential to extract weak phases without pollution from strong dynamics. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the double-mixing CP violation, we perform phenomenological analyses on the cascade decays of the $$B^0_d$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and $$B^0_s$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> mesons. Our results show that the double-mixing CP violation can be very significant in certain decay channels, such as $$B^0_d \rightarrow J/\psi K \rightarrow J/\psi (\pi ^+\ell ^-{\bar{\nu }}_\ell )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where the total CP violation arises almost entirely from the double-mixing CP violation. In addition, we employ the decay process $$B^0_d \rightarrow D^0 K \rightarrow (K^-\pi ^+)(\pi \ell \nu )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to demonstrate that the involved strong and weak phases can be directly determined from the experimental data without any theoretical inputs. Specifically, the overall weak phase of this process is $$2\beta +\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which is of significant importance for extracting the CKM phase angles. We also use $$B^0_s \rightarrow \rho ^0 K \rightarrow \rho ^0(\pi ^-\ell ^+\nu _\ell )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to illustrate and discuss the significant importance of $$K^0_S - K^0_L$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> interference.

The European Physical Journal CVol. 84(10)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
2.64
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