A comparative study of friction stir welding and friction stir scribe technique for dissimilar metal joining

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) has emerged as a novel method for joining similar and dissimilar ferrous and non-ferrous materials. This solid-state welding process utilizes frictional heat generated between a tool shoulder and the base material. The stirring action facilitates the movement and consolidation of the material, resulting in localized fusion and the formation of a joint. This review examines their effectiveness in joining various material combinations, with particular focus on automotive and aerospace applications. FSW utilizes frictional heat and stirring action to create localized plasticity and material flow, while FSS incorporates a cutting feature to mechanically interlock dissimilar materials. The review paper shows comparison of various experimental investigations considering variables such as tool geometry, welding parameters, and material combinations. FSW has some significant parameters to enhance weld quality such as traverse speed, plunge depth, and tool design. These techniques show promising applications for multi-material integration, offering advantages over conventional fusion welding methods. Future research directions include expanding material combinations, developing automated systems, and exploring hybrid joining approaches.