IoT-based real-time biofloc monitoring and controlling system

• Maintaining optimal conditions contributes to the enhanced effectiveness and sustainability of biofloc systems. • Real-time monitoring of crucial parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, and dissolved oxygen ensures continuous improvement in water quality management for controlled fish farming. • Providing ideal conditions for fish growth fosters increased productivity within aquaculture operations. • Stakeholders are empowered with the convenience of monitoring aquaculture systems via mobile devices or computers remotely, which gives them a sense of control and facilitates efficient oversight and management. In Bangladesh, Biofloc technology is becoming popular in aquaculture, but controlling water parameters effectively remains a key challenge for achieving high yields. In this study, a system was proposed that continuously analyzes biofloc regulating parameters, such as temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), potential of hydrogen (pH), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and water level, to maintain the ideal circumstances for biofloc. An Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled platform was implemented to collect and analyze real-time data from sensors, including the DS18B20 water temperature, pH-4502C, analog dissolved oxygen, analog total dissolved solids, and water level sensors. The experiment was conducted with mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) . The ESP32 microcontroller utilized Wi-Fi to process sensor data, enabling real-time data analysis on mobile and computer devices through the Blynk application. The study was done as per designated conditions, and that led to the average value of temperature around 27±1 °C, DO around 6 ± 0.5 mg/l, TDS around 500 ppm, and the pH level was nearly 7.7 ± 0.5. If the temperature, water level, or dissolved oxygen changed from the expected value, it sent a signal to the Blynk. This signal then autonomously operated a relay to activate or deactivate the water heater, pump, and air pump to maintain an effective operating condition. Hence, IoT-enabled monitoring systems can have a crucial impact on managing the biofloc throughout the year and enhancing the aquaculture industry in Bangladesh.