A study on the synchronous online learning experience of Minerva University students: Focusing on the IPO model

This study examined learners' experiences of synchronous online learning, which will play a role in future education, using the IPO model (Input-Process-Output). It was conducted targeting four students at Minerva University, which runs all classes synchronously online through its own online learning support system called ‘Forum’. Based on previous studies, a semi-structured questionnaire was created, interviews were conducted, and the responses were qualitatively analyzed. First, input was examined the system design and learner characteristics. In terms of system design, continuous updates regarding the functions of the learning support system, and immediate error response were provided. In addition, the learners showed a high level of self-regulation and technology use and had the characteristics of enjoying learning and taking on challenges without giving up in the face of adversity. Second, we examined the process areas by dividing them into system use and interaction. Classes were conducted in a discussion-oriented manner by utilizing various functions in the forum, which led to active interaction between the instructor and fellow learners. Third, in the output area, which is the academic and system usage aspects, learners' high satisfaction with classes and schools was confirmed. Based on these results, an educational direction was proposed to ensure the effective operation of synchronous online learning.