Instrument Construction and Exploration of Students' CollaborationSkillsBased on the Summated Rating Scale

One of the essential 21st-century skills that students must possess is the ability tocollaborate. However, profiling students' collaboration skills is challengingwithout valid and reliable instruments. Therefore, this research aims to map the profile of students' collaboration skills using valid and reliable instruments. This study is descriptive-explorative research with a quantitative approach. The research sample included 900 Islamic Senior High School/Madrasah Aliyahstudents, with 150 students participating in the instrument trials and 750 servingas the primary sample in this study. The results indicate that the collaborationability instrument is valid and reliable, as demonstrated by a loading factor value > 0.5, T-Value > 1.96, RMSEA 0.00 < 0.08, RMR 0.043, Std. RMR0.040, GFI 0.95, AGFI 0.87, NNFI 0.97, CFI 0.98, IFI 0.98, RFI 0.97, PNFI 0.85, and a composite reliability coefficient CR=0.909 from the second-order confirmatoryfactor analysis. The findings show that students' collaboration skills are moderate, with an average score of 26.4, which falls within the medium category. The distribution of students' abilities is as follows: 347 students (46.3%) are classifiedas having moderate abilities, 207 students (27.6%) as having high skills, and 196students (26.1%) as having low skills. Based on these results, teachers andstakeholders are encouraged to enhance students' collaboration skills throughstudent-centred learning approaches, such as project-based learning, which canprovide students with opportunities to engage and practice working together actively in the learning process.