Developing Questionnaires for the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): A Study on the Teachers’ Acceptance of Using Online Education

Since the Movement Control Order (MCO) in 2020, Malaysia's Ministry of Education (MOE) has recommended online learning sessions. Traditional teaching methods need to be replaced with more modern approaches. This change allows students to participate in distance learning, making online learning more widely accepted in education. However, the challenges of online communication have intensified due to the pandemic. Some teachers may find the complexity of online platforms an obstacle and may use this as an excuse to avoid using technology. Another issue is the lack of computer proficiency, which can create a fear of technology. Additionally, the convenience of learning from any location at any time should be considered. Previous studies have shown that user motivation plays a crucial role in accepting technology. This study aims to develop an instrument that measures teachers’ acceptance of online learning based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The article will focus on developing a questionnaire to assess the following variables: teacher’s Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Convenience, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude, Intention to Use, and Usage Behaviour in accepting technology. The study used a quantitative approach. The pilot test was conducted on the instrument for 40 secondary school teachers in Perak. The data were analysed both descriptively and inferentially. The reliability and validity results were significant and are expected to aid future researchers in developing better assessment tools. Keywords: Instrument development, questionnaire, Technology Acceptance Model, teachers’ acceptance, online education.