Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales and Their Diverse Resistance Mechanisms

This review provides an overview of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) studies.CRE, called superbugs, has a high mortality rate and an increased resistance rate in several countries.The bacteria representing CRE are Klebsiella species and Escherichia spp., and they cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bloodstream infections (BSIs).CRE acquires resistance due to several mechanisms, typically divided into carbapenemase-producing (CP)-CRE and non-CP-CRE.Furthermore, although there are several antibiotics developed to treat CRE, they have their limitations; thus, antibiotic combination therapies or novel treatments are being developed.Therefore, since research on CRE and the use of appropriate antibiotics is important, some CRE-resistant mechanisms that enhance them are discussed.