Synergetic Enzyme-Incorporated Metal–Organic Framework and Polyoxometalate Nanozyme: Achieving Stable Tandem Catalysis for Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Bioanalysis

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) has emerged as a promising technique for biomolecule detection, yet its operational rationale remains limited due to its short development time. This study introduces a stable tandem catalysis protocol by synergizing the enzyme-incorporated metal-organic frameworks (E-MOFs) with polyoxometalate (POM) nanozyme for sensitive OPECT bioanalysis. The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) acts as the skeleton to protect the encapsulated glucose oxidase (GOx), allowing the stable catalytic generation of H₂O₂. With peroxidase-like activity, a phosphotungstic acid hydrate (PW₁₂) is then able to utilize the H₂O₂ to induce the biomimetic precipitation on the photogate, ultimately resulting in the altered device characteristics for quantitative detection. This work reveals the potential and versatility of an engineered enzymatic system as a key enabler to achieve novel OPECT bioanalysis, which is believed to offer a feasible framework to explore new operational rationale in optoelectronic and bioelectronic detection.