Biotin concentration affects anaplerotic reactions functioning in glutamic acid production in Corynebacterium glutamicum

The study investigates the effect of biotin concentration on the role of anaplerotic reactions catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in glutamic acid production by <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum. C. glutamicum</i> requires biotin for its growth, and its glutamic acid production can be induced by the addition of Tween 40 or penicillin or by biotin limitation. The biotin enzyme PC and the non-biotin enzyme PEPC catalyse two anaplerotic reactions to supply oxaloacetic acid to the TCA cycle in <i>C. glutamicum</i>. Therefore, they are crucial for glutamic acid production in this bacterium. In this study, we investigated the contribution of each anaplerotic reaction to Tween 40- and penicillin-induced glutamic acid production using disruptants of PEPC and PC. In the presence of 20 µg l^-1 biotin, which is sufficient for growth, the PEPC-catalysed anaplerotic reaction mainly contributed to Tween 40- and penicillin-induced glutamic acid production. However, when increasing biotin concentration 10-fold (i.e. 200 µg l^-1), both PC- and PEPC-catalysed reactions could function in glutamic acid production. Western blotting revealed that the amount of biotin-bound PC was reduced by the addition of Tween 40 and penicillin in the presence of 20 µg l^-1. However, these induction treatments did not change the amount of biotin-bound PC in the presence of 200 µg l^-1 biotin. These results indicate that both anaplerotic reactions are functional during glutamic acid production in <i>C. glutamicum</i> and that biotin concentration mainly affects which anaplerotic reactions function during glutamic acid production.