The adaptive potential of durum wheat varieties of Saratov breeding in the conditions of the Lower Volga region

The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. A structural analysis of the productivity elements of plants cultivated in the field in 2020, 2021 and 2023 was carried out. The varietal features of the formation of productivity elements of durum wheat varieties of Saratov breeding in different meteorological conditions are revealed. Based on the peculiarities of the formation of the main elements of ear productivity, varieties with a balanced type of morphogenetic systems have been identified. In 2020, the variety with a balanced type of morphogenetic systems in terms of ear productivity elements – the number of spikelets, the number of grains and their weight is the Luch 25 variety, in 2021 – Nikolasha and Zolotaya Volna. In the conditions of 2023, balanced varieties were not found for all elements of ear productivity – the number of cones, the number of grains and their weight. Balanced varieties were determined according to two productivity elements: Nikolasha and Zolotaya Volna varieties are balanced in terms of the number of spikelets and the weight of the grain, the Lilac variety is balanced in terms of the number of grains and the weight of the grain. The values of the breeding indices – Mexican, Canadian, and the index of linear ear density – were determined. A variety was identified in which the values of the breeding indices for the entire period of the study were unchanged – the Saratov 40 variety of the Mexican index. The Elizabethan variety among all 14 varieties is characterized by the minimum values of the linear density index of the ear for three years.