Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera fabianii Inoculation on Rice-Flavor Baijiu Fermentation

Rice-flavor baijiu is a distilled Chinese spirit prepared from Xiaoqu culture. However, its dull taste may be a market limitation. In order to enhance the flavor profile of rice-flavor baijiu, two ester-producing yeast strains (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Cyberlindnera fabianii</i>) were inoculated for fermentation. At the end of the fermentation, the total alcohol and ester contents had also increased by 43.3% and 29.8%, respectively, and the number of ester species had increased by eight. Additionally, eleven flavor substances had significant contributions in the inoculated fermentation process, including several different esters and alcohols. A macrogenomic analysis revealed that the majority of the gene abundances associated with the alcohol, acid, and ester pathways were elevated by the third day of inoculated fermentation, and greater abundances of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, <i>Cyberlindnera fabianii</i>, <i>Lichtheimia ramosa</i>, <i>Rhizopus delemar</i>, and <i>Rhizopus oryzaefive,</i> annotated with these genes, were observed from either the pre-fermentation stage or post-fermentation stage. The results demonstrate that two added strains are associated with an increase in the content of the flavor substances. These findings may prove beneficial in enhancing the quality of rice-flavor baijiu through using inoculated fermentation with ester-producing yeast.