Total Chemical Synthesis of Nanobodies for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Nanobodies (Nbs) are fragments isolated from heavy-chain-only antibodies (HcAbs) in the sera of the Camelidae family.Nbs encompass superior characteristics when compared to full-size antibodies including, low immunogenicity, exquisite antigen-binding affinity (0.1 -10 nM), and small size (MW 15 kDa; dimensions: 4 nm 2.5 nm 3 nm) Their implementation has been hindered by the limited flexibility of existing production methods (e.g., challenges in incorporating non-natural amino acids) and manufacturing/purification challenges (e.g., removing bacterial endotoxins).