Analysis of Mycorrhization Trends and Undesired Fungi Species in Three- and Six-Year-Old Tuber aestivum Plantations in Hungary

<i>Tuber aestivum</i> is a key truffle species with significant ecological and economic value. Despite its importance, plantation success can be influenced by soil pH, host plants, and undesired fungi. This study examines how soil pH and host plants influence mycorrhization trends in <i>T. aestivum</i> plantations across six plant species in eight Hungarian settlements, using root sampling and DNA analysis to assess plantations at three and six years of age. <i>Tuber aestivum</i> achieved over 30% mycorrhization, with <i>Carpinus betulus</i> showing the highest levels. DNA analysis identified eight undesired mycorrhizal fungi, with <i>Suillus</i> spp. (42.9%) and <i>Scleroderma</i> spp. (31.4%) being the most prevalent. The study found that <i>T. aestivum</i> preferred a soil pH of around 7.6, while undesired fungi thrived in slightly acidic conditions. Additionally, soil pH significantly and positively influenced <i>T. aestivum</i> mycorrhization; however, factors such as plantation age also contributed to mycorrhization trends. While mycorrhization by undesired fungi decreased with higher soil pH, it increased as plantations matured from three to six years. These findings highlight the need for the effective management of soil pH and the control of undesired fungi to optimize <i>T. aestivum</i> mycorrhization, emphasizing the importance of targeted strategies and further research for sustainable truffle cultivation.