Electron-acoustic solitary waves via suprathermal populations in Saturn's magnetosphere: Bifurcation, sensitivity, and stability analysis

Cassini and Voyager space missions observed non-thermal electron populations (with varying characteristics) in Saturn's magnetosphere, which can be correctly described using kappa distributions. Based on these observations, our objective is to inspect the evolution of electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) within Saturn's magnetosphere. The propagation of weakly nonlinear (EASWs) in a collisional plasma system comprising a cold electron fluid, hot electrons following a kappa distribution, and stationary ions is investigated. By employing the reductive perturbation technique, the Korteweg–de Vries Burgers (KdV–B) equation is derived. An exact solution of the KdV–B equation, with a conformable time-derivative, is found using the unified method. It is observed that plasma current-induced collision between electrons and ions leads to remarkable dissipation, generating EASWs. Furthermore, when studying the sensitivity of the system, the appearance of a positive potential is depicted as external forces vanish, which may be due to stationary ions. Additionally, bifurcation, stability, and significant influence of plasma characteristics are considered.