Three new coumarins from <i>Notopterygium incisum</i> with potential anti-inflammatory activity

Three previously undescribed coumarins (<b>1</b>-<b>3</b>) were obtained from the roots of <i>Notopterygium incisum</i>. Their chemical structures were elucidated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques and chemical calculations. The inhibitory effects of these new compounds on NO production and pro-inflammatory factors (<i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>TNF-α</i>) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. Further studies revealed that compound <b>1</b> suppressed the expression of COX-2 and iNOS while also reduced ROS accumulation. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compound <b>1</b> could inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway by decreasing the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Collectively, these findings suggest that compounds <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> exhibit promising anti-inflammatory properties.