Integrated approaches in nutraceutical delivery systems: optimizing ADME dynamics for enhanced therapeutic potency and clinical impact

Abstract Objectives Nutraceuticals is a general term for a variety of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids which have shown promising ability in the field of health. Efficacy of these drugs somewhat relies on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes in the body. Methods This review provides a comprehensive understanding of ADME principles blended with the pharmacological insights into design customized nutraceutical interventions dependent on individual well-being. This review discusses absorption dynamics starting from ingestion and excretion and further examines how they relate to a therapeutic outcome. In addition, special focus is paid to breakthrough methods like artificial intelligence and multidisciplinary cooperations among other ways of improving nutraceutical science. Both nanotechnology and encapsulation techniques, together with other novel approaches, aim at improving the bioavailability of foods. This is important for the continuing advancements in food engineering. Key findings Any combination of such strategies will ensure effectiveness of nutraceuticals in personalized medicine, which in turn enables better lifestyle choices for the population. Conclusions It is crucial to add ADME-understanding to pharmacology-based insights into make nutraceutical adjustments according to the situation. Innovations in the forms of AI and multidisciplinary cooperation remain crucial in the progress of nutraceutical science. Methods like nanotechnology and encapsulation are powerful tools of improving bioavailability and tailor-made medicine, which in turn, will be responsible for healthier lives.