Tailoring silk-based covering material with matched mechanical properties for vascular tissue engineering

Vascular covered stents play a significant therapeutic role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the poor compliance and biological inertness of commercial materials cause post-implantation complications. Silk fibroin (SF), as a biomaterial, possesses satisfactory hemocompatibility and tissue compatibility. In this study, we developed a silk film for use in covered stents by employing a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy with regenerated SF on silk braiding fabric. We investigated the effects on the mechanical properties of the silk films in detail, which were closely correlated with fabric parameters and layer-by-layer self-assembly. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between these factors and both the compliance and mechanical strength. The 1 × 2/90°/100/SF₆ film exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Notably, compliance reached 2.6%/100 mmHg, matching that of the human saphenous vein. Thus, this strategy shows promise in developing a novel covered stent, with biocompatible and comprehensive mechanical properties, and significant potential for clinical applications.