Two-Fold Strategy Toward Sustainable Renewable Energy Networks When Uncertainty Is Certain

With renewable energy sources (RESs) integrated into modern power systems, energy consumers participate in the energy market making the entire network more complex and uncertain. Therefore, adaptive strategies are needed to address the various uncertainties associated with the energy network to maintain reliability and achieve sustainability. In this research paper, we propose an integrated two-fold approach that combines competitive market mechanisms with cooperative strategies to enhance reliability and resilience in distribution networks under uncertainty. In the normal operational stage, we adopt a competitive approach wherein an optimal price is determined to meet the required consumer demand, facilitating energy sharing among areas and minimising reliance on the grid, thereby reducing carbon emissions associated with conventional energy generation. To detect and identify an uncertain event within the network, a heuristic algorithm is proposed, which determines the hidden inter-dependencies among the different network input parameters. Finally, to mitigate the impact of these identified uncertainties, we introduce a cooperative approach wherein all areas leverage the battery storage facilities to ensure continuity of energy supply and minimise overall losses. During an uncertain event, a maximum reduction of 97% is observed in the carbon footprints for the proposed scheme while maintaining the overall profit.