Precursor Control for Air-Processable Anti-Solvent-Free Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells in High-Humidity Conditio

Perovskite halide materials exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties, such as tunable bandgaps, high optical absorption coefficients, and long carrier diffusion lengths.These characteristics have enabled perovskite solar cells to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 26 %.However, organometallic halide perovskites are sensitive to ambient conditions; moreover, moisture affects their stability and efficiency.In this study, perovskite films were fabricated via additive engineering under ambient air conditions.This enhanced the moisture stability of the perovskite precursors, enabling the fabrication of uniform perovskite films under humid conditions.Moreover, devices fabricated with additives exhibited higher average efficiencies compared to pristine devices, achieving the best PCE of 19.00 % at relative humidity of 50 % with NH 4 Cl additive.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of additives in producing efficient cells in ambient air, which can facilitate the mass production of perovskite solar cells.