Comparative analysis of the structure of the heart and blood vessels surgeries, taking into account the clinical and functional status of patients with coronary heart disease in 2015 and 2020

Relevance. In a very short period of time, surgical treatment methods have become widespread due to the expansion of indicators for performing heart surgery in patients with severe complicated forms of coronary heart disease and the use of combined surgical operations. Aim: To study changes in the clinical and functional status of patients depending on the type of surgical intervention for coronary artery disease in different time periods in the gender aspect. Material and Methods. The study was conducted retrospectively. For comparative analysis, patients with an established diagnosis of coronary heart disease who underwent surgical treatment at the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery of the of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Chelyabinsk) in 2015 (n = 1017) and 2020 (n = 967) were included. Of the total number of patients in 2015, there were 771 (75.8%) men and 246 (24.2%) women, in 2020 718 (74.3%) and 249 (25.7%), respectively. Results. In the structure of interventions performed, there is a decrease in the number of almost all types of surgical interventions for complications of myocardial infarction, most pronounced in relation to resection of the left ventricular aneurysm, reconstruction of the left ventricle and operations in combination with mitral valve replacement. In a large percentage of cases, patients with a history of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are referred for coronary artery bypass surgery, regardless of gender. The majority of patients had angina pectoris of the 3rd–4th functional class. However, there is a trend towards a decrease in the proportion of people with post-infarction cardiosclerosis when referred for surgery. Conclusion. Despite the significant volume and availability of practical information, the number of patients with major cardiovascular risk factors is not decreasing.