Optic Disc Features in Pathological Myopia And Myopic Optic Neuropathy

Pathological myopia is defined as excessive axial elongation accompanied by various structural changes in the fundus and optic disc, leading to a decrease in best-corrected visual acuity. Today, with the widespread use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ophthalmology, optic disc pathologies have been identified in addition to fundus findings. Due to axial elongation, large optic disc, tilted optic disc, retinal nerve fiber changes, peripapillary atrophy, intachoroidal cavitation and peripapillary-prelaminar schisis are observed. Optic neuropathy occurs in some cases secondary to all these changes occurring in the optic disc. Myopic optic neuropathy can be examined under two headings: glaucomatous/glaucoma-like and nonglaucomatous. In this review, optic disc changes and myopic optic neuropathy, which are important causes of vision loss, are discussed.