MRI Evaluation of Corpus Callosum Malformation and Associated Anomalies: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Objective This study aims to evaluate the MRI morphology of corpus callosum malformations and the associated anomalies frequently observed in a tertiary care center in northern India. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using MRI reports, images, and clinical records from January 2020 to July 2024. A total of 19 patients with corpus callosum agenesis or hypoplasia were identified, with 17 patients included after excluding those with incomplete records. We analyzed MRI findings for agenesis type (complete or partial), commissural abnormalities, midline anomalies, cortical abnormalities, and posterior fossa abnormalities. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests to compare associations between complete and partial agenesis. Results Of the 17 patients, 52.9% had complete agenesis and 47.1% had partial agenesis. Complete agenesis was associated with higher rates of commissural involvement (44.4% vs. 12.5%), midline anomalies (22.2% vs. 0%), and Probst bundle formation (88.9% vs. 37.5%). Ventricular distortion was more common in complete agenesis (88.9% vs. 40%), and cortical malformations were also more prevalent (44.4% vs. 12.5%). Other anomalies included holoprosencephaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy changes. Conclusion Complete agenesis of the corpus callosum is significantly associated with other commissural abnormalities, midline cysts, Probst bundle formation, ventricular distortions, and cortical malformations compared to partial agenesis. This study highlights the varied imaging presentations of corpus callosum malformations and their associated anomalies.