ORGANOPHILIC BENTONITES OF UKRAINE. 1. SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF PRODUCTION. THE MECHANISM OF ORGANOPHILIZATION OF THE SURFACE

In connection with the inevitable integration of Ukraine into the EU and the discovery of new deposits of high-quality bentonite clays in Ukraine, the issues of studying, developing and industrially producing organophilic bentonites — analogues of foreign trademarks Bentone, Geltone, Petrotone — are becoming especially relevant. Without structuring additives of such bentones, the normal functioning is impossible of the most important industries: automotive, paint and varnish, petrochemical, oil producing, rubber, foundry, mechanical engineering, cosmetics, etc. This work is intended for the first time in Ukraine to lay the scientific foundations for obtaining such materials based on local mineral raw materials. For this purpose, the adsorption of a number of cationic surfactants (quaternary alkylammonium salts) on 4 montmorillonites of bentonite deposits in Ukraine and its effect on the stability, electrosurface and rheological properties of mineral aqueous dispersions were studied. Based on the obtained X-ray data and the dependences of adsorption, z-potential and yield point of dispersions on the concentration of surfactants, the mechanism of surface organophilization was clarified and optimal conditions for modifying montmorillonites for obtaining structure-forming agents for organic media were determined. It was shown that montmorillonite from the Neporotovskoye deposit is the most promising for this purpose. Bibl. 48, Fig. 12, Tab. 6.